WOOT!

I got exactly 50 right! 29 wrong...

Second part of the scary test

48. Prince Henry the Navigator

49. Christopher Columbus

50. Columbian Exchange

51. Corn, disease

52. Mercantilism

53. Joint stock company

54. Protestant (?)

55. True

56. (Dutch city that was europe's financial system)

57. East India Trading Compan

58. No

59. (Dutch Artists)

60. The Middle Class

61. The House of Lords

62. Anglican

63. Stuart

64. Presbyterian 

65. 1603-1625

66. Divine Right of Kings

67. Puritans

68. The Petition of Rights

69. William Laud

70. Scotland

71. Cavaliers, or Royalists

72. The Roundheads

73. Oliver Cromwell

74. ?

75. Lord Protector

76. ?

77. .......

78. ?

79. Thomas Hobbes

The test that I am super scared for and may fail but i hope not because I studied.

1. Martin Luther
2. 95 Theses
3. (what city in germany that martin luther saw someone selling indulgences)
4. (building in Rome that money went to from indulgences)
5. FREEBIE- (October 31, 1517)
6. Faith
7. The bible 
8. ?
9. (Who did the German peasants originally support in the peasants war?) 
10. True
11. The German nobility
12. Protestantism?? 
13. Catholic
14. The treaty of Augsburg
15. He was a religious revolutionary because he disagreed with some ideas and practices of the church so he went against it and protested, for example, posting the 95 theses. 
16. He was a political conservative because he wanted  people to follow their leader even if he was cruel or unfair.
17. John Calvin
18. ?
19. FREEBIE
20. Huguenots
21. Henry VIII
22. Elizabeth I
23. Puritans
24. Pope Giuliano(?)  Medici
25. Council of Worms
26. False, that was the Council of Trent
27. (Name of the Catholic bible???)
28. (I forget the first name) Loyola(?)
29. I don't know
30. 16th century
31. ? (artist)
32. Phillip II
33. The Spanish Armada
34. The Saint Bartholomew's day massacre
35. Edict of Nantes(?)
36. 300
37. Peace of Augsburg
38. Protestant Union
39. The Catholic League
40. Catholic
41. Catholic
42. Catholic league: Ferdinand II
    Protestant: Frederick
43. Gustavus Adolphus
44. Treaty/Peace of Westphalia
45. Alsace 
46. Germany?
47. France

Notes 11/18

• The divine right of kings: they don’t have to follow the laws: Absolute power. They are divinely appointed

• Ireland erupted.. apparently..
• There were people being killed all over Ireland in terrible ways, and the people were claiming that it was the king's orders. 

• 1603- End of the Tudor line, beginning of the stuart line. 
• James was a believer in divine kings. 
• He fought and quarreled with puritan people
• Charles I ia also a firm believer in the divine right of Kings. 
• Also, like his father, he is a supporter of the Anglican church and against the Puritans, and is also in need of money
• He signs the petition of right, so that in return for grants of money he signs a law saying that:
• No one should be compelled to pay any tax or loan without the specific approval of parliament
• No one can be put into prison without the due process of law. 
• Religion was the most explosive issue in the 17th century
• with Charles' encouragement, William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury wants to tun the church of England into a Catholic church that doesn't follow the pope.
• the prayerbook riot
• Charles is desperate to raise money to fight the war against the Scots. 
• Charles reluctantly calls parliament back in 1640
• They execute William Laud

REMEMBER

• Elizabeth I died in 1603, and James Stuart ruled after her. She was the last of the Tudor monarchs.
• James Stuart was also James VI of Scotland and James I of England. 
• He ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland. 

Notes 11/16

• English civil war: the family in charge of the monarchy were the STUARTS. not Stewarts. 
• Oliver Cromwell: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_cromwell
• Background knowledge on Puritans: 
• The puritans declared war on any signs of Romanism(??) in the church. 
• Nobody noticed that Charles was married to a catholic. 

DBQ format quiz

1. What is the range of scores one can recieve for a DBQ?
   From 0-9.
   
2. If  a DBQ answer does not have a thesis statement, what is the highest score you can get?
   The highest score you can get is a 4.
   
3. If you have 12 documents, what is the bare minimum of documents you must cite in your DBQ?
   You must use seven of them.
   
4. Explain what 'bias' is.
   When the writer already has a preference for one side of an argument before reading the documents or writing the essay.
   
5. Explain what these folks mean by 'groupings.'
   
   
6. Lets say that you are citing document five. Write out what the citation would look like if you are citing document five.
   (Document 5)
   

Notes 11/12

• The Hapsburg's want to reverse the protestant gains in the holy roman empire
• France was most interested that Germany itself had a strong cohesive political hold that it could trade with and such
• All that mattered to them was that they had stable neighbors. 
• The French monarchy supported the protestants even though France was Catholic
• In Denmark and Sweden, they are Lutheran, and support the protestants in the Holy Roman Empire. 
• In 1618 war breaks out between the protestant union and the Catholic League. It is called the 30 years war
• Phase one of the war- 1618-1625- the Bohemian phase- began as a civil war between the catholics and protestants in Bohemia, Germany. Catholic was lead by Ferdinand II and the protestants were lead by Frederick V
• Ferdinand's forces win, and the Hapsburg's and the catholics take control of Bohemia
• The Danish phase- 1625-1629- King Christian IV of Denmark intervened to help support the protestants. 
• Christian IV is the Lutheran ruler of Denmark
• It was Christian IV(protestant) against Albert of Wallenstein(Catholic side)
• Wallenstein kicks butt
• He destroys the protestant forces
• The Edict of Restitution, issued by Ferdinand
• Phase three, the Swedish phase- 1630-1635- 
• The protestants are freaked out because they have now lost two rounds to the catholics. 
• The protestants, their dutch allies, and their French allies, turn to Gustavus Adolphus(King of Sweden)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus
• He defeats Wallenstein's forces
• He defeats the catholics in a series of battles which prevents them from being able to unify.... something that i didn't hear. 
• Phase four- The French phase- 1635-1648- 
• Gustavus Adolphus dies, and France sees that the protestants really need reinforcements now because they don't have the Swedish to help them. So the French come in. 
• Westphalia 1648
• All of the parties involved say that they need to come to a conclusion, they cannto continue the bloodshed
• So representatives meet. 
• Each of the independent German principalities received the right to conduct its own peace treaties and have its own diplomacy with countries
• The rulers were allowed to establish religion in their own areas, and Calvinism was accepted
• The independence of the Dutch republic
• The neutrality of Switzerland- they are a neutral country and will not go to war
• The French annexed Alsace. 
•  As many of one third of the German speaking people died, either from war or disease in the 30 years war. 
• The treaty of Westphalia does nothing to unify Germany. It remains fragmented
• If there was a winner to this, it would be France
• France will be the dominant power in Europe
• Exploration:
• Prince Henry the Navigator
• Bartholomew Diaz 
• Vasco dagama 
• Pedro Cabral

• Goa
• Malacca
• Macao(china)
  
• Christopher Columbus
• Hernando Cortez
• The Aztecs
• Fransisco Peizarro

• Turkeys were introduced to Europe from the new world
• Also potatoes
• Also corn
• Also tomatoes
• Also peanuts
• Also tobacco
• Also vanilla and chocolate

• Europeans brought diptheria 
• and smallpox and 
• coffee
• cain sugar
• rice
• wheat

Notes 11/11- from emily

• Spain 17th Century
  • The Wars of King Phillip the Second
  • King Charles the V gave up the throne in mid 16th century
  • He gave many territories in Austria and Hungary to his brother Ferdinand
  • He left his son Phillip Spain, Netherlands, and many other countries in Europe (western countries)
  • Phillip II now king of Spain wants to enlarge the power and prestige of Spain
  • He is catholic
  • He has a plan to defeat the Ottoman Turks
  • The Ottomans were the controlling family in Turkey
  • He battles the Turkish forces in the battle of Lepanto in 1571
  • Spanish defeat the Turks in this battle
  • This is really the battle that gives Philip lots of prestige as a Catholic warrior
  • Phillip II cam to the throne when Spain was in control of the Netherlands
  • So it was under Catholic control
  • Phillip coming to power, imposed the inquisition over all of Spain including the Netherlands
  • Basically an attempt by Catholic church to run out heretics and convert Jews and Protestants
  • They did this by force, threat, torture, and execution
  • When the inquisition was imposed there was many rebellions and protests
  • The Duke of Alva  was sent out by Phillip with 20,000 troops and they rounded people up in the Netherlands  to be executed
  • This caused the Netherlands people to revolt against Phillip and all of Spain
  • The of Duke of Alva's action resulted in people protesting and becoming Calvinists in protest against Phillip instead of becoming Catholic
  • Phillip saw that the Duke's tactics weren't working
  • So he sent out the Duke of Parma
    • He was more of a diplomat
    • He smoothed over the situation
    • He settles down the revolts in the Netherlands
    • But he couldn't convince everybody
    • 1581: the Dutch formally declared independence from the Spanish occupation
    • 1581-1609 war occurs in Netherlands
    • Netherlands basically splits in two, north is Calvinists; the south is Catholics
    • The north breaks away from Spain (the Dutch), the south sticks with Spain
  • Then England sees what the Spanish are doing and they are worried about Spain invading England
  • So the queen openly helps the Dutch, she gives them money, troops, and lets privateers raid and attack Spanish ships
  • Phillip is absolutely outraged by the English getting involved so he organizes the Armada to go against England
  • The armada is a great fleet of ships
  • Phillip wants to take over England, kill Elizabeth 1, make himself king, and make English Catholic
  • The Armada consisted of 130 ships, only 67 make it back to Spain
  • The English navy completely dominates the Spain
  • The English have smaller lighter ships and are able to dominate Spain who encounters bad weather, the Spanish ships aren't used to that bad weather, the English are
  • Half of the Spanish navy was taken down in ONE battle
  • HUGE REPRECUSSIONS FOR SPAIN
  • THE SPANISH NEVER RECOVER FROM THIS, NEVER
  • This begins a long decline for Spain's power and influence
  • THE SPANISH'S POWER DECLINES WHILE THE ENGLISH'S PRESTIGE RISES
  • This was in the 1580s (the Armada)

• The 17th century is a great time to be Dutch
  • The Dutch were able to strive because Spain had been beaten by England
  • Since Spain lost, this leaves room for England to take over colonization in the New World
  • England gained all the better areas in colonization
  • The Northeast of America was timberland and it was really useful to the England

• France
  • There was an alliance between the French royalty and the Pope
  • In 1516: it was made official with the Concordat of Bologna
  • The Pope says that France gets to have its own French bishops
  • It meant that the French would have a huge say in things in the Catholic Church
  • This was beneficial for the Pope and for the French King
  • There were Huguenots in France which were Calvinists or Protestants
  • 1/10 of the population in France was Huguenots
  • 2/5 and 1/2 of the French nobility became Huguenots
    • They may have done this because in Germany (to the east) the Protestant Reformation was going on
  • Religion and politics was huge during the reformation era
  • 1572: St. Bartholomew's day Massacre
    • Charles the IX's mother was Katherine de Medici from Italy
    • With the support of the Medici family, the ST. Bartholomew's day Massacre was carried out
    • Thousands of Huguenots had come to Paris for the wedding of Henry Navarre and Margaret of Valwa
    • The followers of Henry and then the Huguenots are ambushed by the Catholic people and Charles and The Catholic Church
    • Over 20,000 Huguenots died from this event
    • This starts a civil war in France which lasts 15 years between Catholics and Huguenots
    • This civil war destroys French trade, agricultural trade, and the French come to realize that if they don’t end it then France itself will fall
    • During the War a French Huguenot, Henry Navarre , rises up and becomes the leader of one of the house of nobility, the House of Bourbon which is a Huguenot house of nobility
    • House of Bourbon was the leading Huguenot house of nobility
  • 1598: Henry becomes king and issues the order of Nantes
  • He realizes h is religious hot water here
  • So he converts to Catholicism
  • Henry Navarre is a great politician, but issues this order that allowed for the free practice of Calvinism
  • Henry literally saves France

• Holy Roman Empire
  • Covered much of today's Germany and Italy and Austria
  • It was made up of principalities
  • Comprised of about 300 independent principalities
  • 1555: Peace Treaty called Peace of Augsburg (this mainly occurred in the Germany part though)
  • The treaty gives the right to each individual prince, the right to determine the religion of its principality
  • Catholic and Lutheran were the only religions that the principalities' prince could choose to be
  • They set up a structural situation where the thirty years wear is going to develop
  • IT ONLY ALLOWED FOR CATHOLICS AND LUTERANS, CALVINISTS WEREN'T ALLOWED
  • Because of this there are many unions made
  • 1608: Protestant Union is formed
  • 1609: the Catholic League is formed
  • During this time the Protestants had made lots of gains in Austria
  • The biggest dynasty was a Catholic family though

Notes 11/10- on video

• Charles I of England was the son of James VI 
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England
• James I of England=James VI of Scotland
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England
• The Gunpowder Plot
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunpowder_Plot

• Charles is the son of James, and he continues his father's policies. He is an absolutist. 
• Civil war
• Parliament was making demands and the king refused to meet them
• Roundheads
• Cavaliers
• Peasants will always be peasants, unless the nobility decides to change this, because they are employed by the peasants. the peasants sided with the nobility because their life kind of depended on them. 
• The middle class fights again the king's side
• The king's army is supported by cavaliers, including the clergy and noble men
• The Middle class goes against. 
• Oliver Cromwell
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_cromwell

Notes 11/5

• 
  
• A few women in Renaissance: 
• Christine de Pizan- 
• A writer. 
• The first woman European to make a living as a writer
• wrote a history of famous women
• referred to today as the first feminist thinker. 
• 1365-1434
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan
• Isabella d'Este
• Born into a ruling family, the Ferrari family
• Married into a ruling family
• Known as an art patron
• Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, king and queen of Spain who sent Columbus off on his mission. 
• An example of the perfect courtly lady
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_d'Este

• Northern renaissance:
• Erasmus- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus
• a humanist
• worked on editing editions of the new testament
• his best known text is a satire called "The Praise of Folly" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Praise_of_Folly)
• Catholic, not protestant
• WRITES IN LATIN
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_De_Montaigne idk what this is but he told me to bookmark it

ahhhhh the inventing of the printing press!

October 31(Halloween!) 1517

• Martin luther goes down to the cathedral and tacks the 95 theses to the door
• Luther did not believe in church teachings, only the bible and just what it said. 
• John Calvin- Calvinism
• "was John Calvin saved from sin?" "I don't know. Apparently he was saved from the razer."
• And then rebecca said "what do you call people that are Calvinists? oh wait nevermind"

• Pope Julius II- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Julius_II
• Pope Paul III- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_III
• mr wojo's quote from him that he made up: "I'll have my pudding nowwww"
• Council of Trent- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_trent
• Rejected Luther
• Called for the reform of church abuses(like indulgences)

Notes 11/4-

• Baroque period- Baroque music, baroque art, etc
• These type of music and art relate to each other
• Bernini- created the Piazza in the front of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. 
• Things in the baroque period are beautiful when they are separate, but when you put it together, it sounds(or looks) beautiful and full and whole. 
• Baroque design- ornament
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music